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IS COMMUNISM REALLY DEAD?

The good news ------------- The relief is enormous. The most varied types of people almost everywhere in the world feel it. The specter mentioned in the C o m m u n i s t M a n i f e s t o of 1848 has given up the ghost. It's been a long time since it appeared as a l a b o r m o v e m e n t in capitalist societies, which was the way it originally made a nuisance of itself. Lately, all well-intentio- ned folks - from the humanists at the Pentagon to the environmen- talists in the Green Party - have been familiar with communism as, of all things, a w e l l - a r m e d s t a t e with a cou- ple of "satellites". Its domestic life was a "system". They could see from afar how "inhumane" everything turns out when you put the ideals of communism into practice as state interests. Not only that, in contrast to all the other systems in the world which function simply by having a structure, communism forever suffered from n o t f u n c t i o n i n g. Finally, just in time for the 2000th birthday of Jesus Christ, it's going bust. Its architects and caretakers admit as much, and are giving up their system. They get their criticism of communism right from Capital und Democracy, Inc. So the world is back in order again. It has now been conclusively proven that there is no alternative to capitalism, which is above all criticism. Those in charge will see to the few violent changes that remain to be made in the East to insure against backsliding. The course of history itself dic- tates this development. The agenda calls for the landscape deva- stated by communism to be reforested with real money under the supervision of freedom's might. The bad news ------------ The relief is unjustified. The news celebrates a success which involves no benefit whatsoever for many millions of people. Just because capitalism now "proves" to be the superior "way of mana- ging an economy" doesn't mean there is any better life waiting for them. For a successful 20th century state people only play the role of useful material, serving as victims of its triumphant advances on the economic, political and military fronts. The be- nefits of social peace, which is what "prevails" when there is no class struggle, also turn out to be rather peculiar. The business irms locate as they please, rationalize production and sack their employees, and stage the rounds of collective bargaining with the unions as a gigantic media show. Politicians call for sacrifices, remind everyone of foreign competition (whom the local bu- sinessmen combine with), and raise social security taxes so they can cut the benefits. They reel off federal budget figures, the unemployment rate and pollution statistics, announce the rate of inflation and the purchase of weapons. In short, the freedom of action of the side where money and might are assembled increases with each passing day. Those on the other side, where communism is conspicuous by its absence, discover in their smaller paychecks and deteriorating health the changing relation between wages and work-effort. The popular reference to people starving overseas - how well off we are by comparison! - shows how badly this comparison is needed. Where poverty is not useful it takes on extreme forms, as anyone out of work can also see! The decay in the power of the "East bloc" Communist Parties is equally bad news. When those people over there decide their pre- vious system has failed and start reforming with a vengeance, one would at least like to be given a hint of what's so great about it, amid all the shouts of triumph. The effects of perestroika on the situation of the ordinary Soviet citizen seem to be anything but good. The notoriously empty shelves are even more empty now. Nationalists of all sorts are enjoying their new-found freedom so much that they bash each other's heads in. Under the first non- communist government in Poland, this same freedom leaves hardly anyone with anything more to buy, so that quite a few Poles are to be found abroad, working illicitly in Germany in order to make the transition from low wages to small-scale international black- marketeering. The Hungarians, who have been saved by their free- dom-oriented government from those nasty red stars on buildings and police caps, also appear to be a bit worse off although they now have a stock exchange. W h a t is so delightful about all this, and to w h o m? Well, does the Western citizen at least get anything out of it? After all it is really for h i m that the good news is propaga- ted six hundred times a day! Was h e being harrassed by the old Communists who refused to reform? Did they spoil the fun of li- ving in the better system? Impossible! But the way democratic po- liticians tell it, people do have reason to be relieved. For de- cades, every military conflict, and what's more the danger of the really big war, was blamed on Communists. NATO had to keep procu- ring more tanks, planes and missiles - and that gets to the tax- payer. People who got by on this interpretation are still in the dark now that they hear about the Russians'efforts to disarm, about the new thinkers' selfcriticism that the Soviet Union does in fact have too many weapons. After all, the announcement of mi- litary success in regard to the socialist system (now that it ad- mits its own failing in this area too) applies all the more to W e s t e r n actions. The Eastern insight that its efforts to keep up militarily have been a mistake pales against the "correctness" of W e s t e r n relentlessness. The Western line is that "we" now need superior armaments more than ever because it is these efforts in the past that have led to the current Rus- sian doubts. "We" don't give up tried and true recipes, especi- ally since a "relapse" on the other side is not ruled out. Just in case, "we" still have to arm to the teeth to guarantee "our" security interests once and for all. Anyone who wants to can find ample supporting material for this position in the daily press, where NATO's acquisition of armed forces is mentioned week after week. The truth --------- The good news is evidently not intended to be checked in any way by the people it is presented to. It neither deals with communism and its mistakes, nor bothers to specify the accomplishments of capitalism. As repeated a thousand times on television talk shows, in feature supplements and in political speeches, it is only the latest twist in the venerable tradition of anticommunism known as the c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e s y s t e m s. This theoretically settles the question of which social order is the better of the two. Without worrying too much about the pecu- liarities of the two modes of production and the corresponding types of states, the system comparers use their conception of the Western system, which is nothing but flattery, to measure the Eastern one. Lo and behold, they end up discovering that socia- lism is inferior. For decades, this is the way political scien- tists and commentators have "justified" the unyielding Western policy toward the East, an East which everyone knows is unwor- kable and actually has no business existing. This whole perfor- mance serves to promote the sham that Western h o s t i l i t y to the Eastern bloc is based on a scrupulous consumer product test aimed at finding out which of all possible social orders is the best. The good tidings that communism is over and done with provide a brand-new kind of evidence for this biased interpretation of world politics. The defendants have now begun accusing t h e m s e l v e s of the violations of efficiency and human rights that w e arrested them for. Up to now the West has kept demanding that the East admit its defeat under the pressure of this or that business deal and little war. These days, it can simply p o i n t to the other side's declaration of bankruptcy. People who think communists capable of every crime and normally don't believe a word they say, suddenly start quoting them when these new thinkers adopt Western doctrines. When Eastern politi- cians imitate "our" comparison of the systems and now actually p r a i s e Western p r o d u c t i v i t y (after years of criticizing it as one big sign of decay), doesn't it really mean t h o s e p e o p l e a r e a n y t h i n g b u t c o m m u n i s t s? But who cares about that, when all that counts is the cheap thrill of the enemy confessing its failure to copy what is by "our" standards successful production and politi- cal rule! This proves once and for all that "we" are right, and the only thing left to do is make sure the reforms actually do boil down to a capitulation in "our" sense. All the talk about communism being dead is therefore just a bra- zen way of saying that s u c c e s s m a k e s c a p i t a l i s m r i g h t. The many fine things that are done throughout the world under the protection of Western weapons and by the use of Western money are all o.k. - since nobody else has come up with any "comparable" order. Conversely, those who fail in their competition with the Free World and its techniques of doing business and using force only demonstrate the pointlessness and impossibility of any alternative. Just as the end of the workers' movement "proves" that workers need capital and nothing else, the Russians' new humbleness and the desertion of their "satellite" nations to the other side show that the achievements of capitalism are insurpassable. Anyone who asks about the price that the realm of freedom demands from all its walk-on characters f o r f e i t s h i s r i g h t t o c r i t i c i z e. This is no refutation of communism - it's the way those in tune with the times demonstrate that modern state interests are not only victorious but also infinitely sensible and moral. A communist dogma and its current validity ------------------------------------------ The cheap triumph of people who point to the debilitated East bloc and enjoy its self-criticism is one thing. It is another matter that nobody disagrees. Another word about those who dote on the diagnosis that communism is dead. They are delighted with current "developments" that they claim to be the logical consequence of what they have always "known". They now know once and for all that the political eco- nomy of Eastern socialism which, in their view, always used to work much too well as a source of political strength for the other side, really doesn't work at all. When Gorbachev says "market", "investment" and "democracy", t h e y hear all those fine terms that are used over here to misrepresent every lousy Western practice as a necessity or a point of honor. They fancy themselves prophets who have fathomed the demands of history. They are the same ideologists who were utterly convinced that the East was i n c a p a b l e of reform. They are now sponging off popular uprisings which they always used to consider impossible what with all the repression, no democracy, etc. These analytical brains don't hesitate to use the Western system as a s t a n d a r d which no one can escape with impunity. Whatever fails to meet the criteria of real money deserves to perish - this is their magificent insight. As for the system that has failed by "our standards", no one of course has a shred of interest in knowing anything about it. It would only blur the cherished picture of the "rigid planned eco- nomy" to actually take a look at the socialist combination of "planning and market" at close range. You would have to notice that there's hardly any communism involved in using the masses to produce n a t i o n a l wealth as if it were their o w n. You might even end up seeing that the Eastern alternative to capita- lism consists merely in t r y i n g t o m a k e i t b e t t e r. People much prefer to apply the method of accusing people over there of not doing things the way "we" do and there- fore not achieving a proper gross national product. This way you can at least make some interesting suggestions to the nations that have already been made dependent on "our help" by Eastern trade. After all, they now ask for vigorous interference themsel- ves, being just as disinterested in communism as "we" are. When politicians in Moscow and Warsaw, Budapest and East Berlin praise capitalistic efficiency, it is very clear what they mean. People who recommend higher food prices and a pool of unemployed as a m e a n s of getting a national economy going know nothing about capitalism, but they do insist on pointing out that capitalistic efficiency is incompatible with sympathy for the masses. It makes sense that the people coming up with such gems in the discussion about the need to return to capitalism don't have to fear being considered cynical advocates of the sacrifices capitalism de- mands. When system comparers theorize about the superiority of the Western way of ruling and running an economy they are not forming j u d g e m e n t s about capitalism and socialism, but e n d o r s i n g t h e p r a c t i c a l t a k e o v e r of the one by the other. They urge that the economy and politics of the East be completely done over to fit those Western needs which were already on their way to being met through the economic and political extortion (known politely as "terms") of Eastern trade. The people on the other side who have taken up this "offer" are not c o m m u n i s t s but rather n a t i o n a l i s t s. And t h e y are going begging these days, not "communism"! The point is the i m p e r i a l i s t i c nature of the "communism is dead" campaign. This is already betrayed by those silly know-it-alls who, whenever they hear of any problem anyone has in the East, can only think "Well, of course, a market eco- nomy and democracy are long overdue!" It's just a small step from the monotonously stupid litany "We've always known what they need over there" to the finding that the managers of the successful system are responsible for them and will d e f i n i t e l y l e t t h e m h a v e w h a t t h e y' r e l a c k i n g. The heirs of Eastern "mismanagement" are expected to change the way they run their countries in such a way that the superior sy- stem can be introduced there. "W e" demand and advocate r e f o r m s, consider them "imperative" (without specifying which ones or why), and approve or disapprove of them by the strict standards of "our" interests. We christen all this, "readiness to help", to give it a name, and lay our conditions for these noble acts on the table. Anyone who hesitates to com- ply, who has reservations about this institutionalized interven- tion and fears a loss of political sovereignty, is throwing a wrench in the works and won't admit that communism has failed. As we said, discerning analysts don't dwell too long on the fine points of communism's demise. T h e y' v e made the d i a g n o s i s, and now it's up to the l a d i e s a n d g e n t l e m e n i n c h a r g e to t a k e a c t i o n. The mouthpieces of recent history have no problem confessing they are only reciting and amplifying on the "ideas of the rulers"! They actually consider it a virtue of this simpleminded discovery of theirs that they are speaking in favor of a most real, calcu- lated political program which has long since been making success- ful strides forward. It doesn't take much for the "ideas of the rulers" to become the "ruling ideas". All you need is widespread agreement with the principle that success is what makes you right in this world. Your plans and projects are then what is known as "reality", and everyone must adhere to it. Or, in more simple terms, everyone must see that i n t e r e s t s w h i c h a r e v a l i d deserve to be cooperated with. Even - and especially - those who criticize gain credibility when they are "realistic" and keep to the standards which make the world go round. This is the only way to have the "possibility of having an influence". These simple but admittedly somewhat abstract rules have always been easy to learn for the majority of citizens who have anything to say about politics beyond casting their vote on election day. Only a small minority calling themselves "leftists" have had to strain themselves a bit. But they have mastered this task brilli- antly and made their contribution to the "communism is dead" song-and-dance. There's no question that they are all for "r e f o r m s" i n t h e E a s t, because they regard them as an o p p o r t u n i t y just as the Western governments do. Conditional socialism: "Only if..." ----------------------------------- Russia's perestroika and the "return" of the East European states have been reason enough for leftists in the West to abandon their most sacred principles. It's n o t that they've found a flaw in their previous ideas. Rather, they embrace the barbaric bourgeois principle that failure proves an idea wrong, in this case socia- lism. Their "reaction" to the demise of Eastern socialism has nothing to do with a real understanding of the change that has taken place there, nor with its influence on the notorious "relations of power between progressive and reactionary forces" in the world. Their "reaction" is instead a mendacious perfor- mance which they themselves honestly believe in, namely that the "events" in the East bloc have taught them something. With the p r o o f they manufacture from the capitulation of Honecker and his ilk, they fall in easily with the official anticommunism. The troubles, failure and refors of the socialist societies in the East are, for them, nothing but material for the well-known epi- taph "communism is dead"'that they dress up as a t h e o r y. Turning this epitaph around, they passionately proclaim, "Capitalism lives!" One is almost tempted to ask these leftists if they would also be in favor of Eastern socialism if it were just as successful as "freedom and democracy". But this is a superfluous question since opportunism is never based on a reasonable judgement, but is a m e t h o d. It is the method by which people who liked the word "revolution" twenty years ago, who in their ridiculous Marxist- Leninist phase worshipped the proletariat, have always been avidly learning from experience. Those who jumped on the alternative Green bandwagon abandoned their flirtation with communism only because they noticed that capitalism and its inhabitants simply don't play the role of a c o n d i t i o n f o r t h e i r s u c c e s s. Because that is what these people were looking for, they hit upon their "environment and peace" nonsense. After all, capitalism always lends a willing ear to anyone seeking to "improve" living condi- tions w i t h i n it, to c o o p e r a t e p o l i t i c a l l y w i t h i t. It has never occurred to them that the capitalistic use of nature, and democratic milita- rism only prove the n e c e s s i t y of getting rid of this system. After all, they never based their communist ambitions on necessities, but rather on the approval of a few thousand mora- lists who in those days made leftist drivel fashionable with its alleged prospects of success. Those who jumped on the alternative science and journalism band- wagon have remained true to the method which they previously practised as leftists. They always considered bourgeois society to be - not what it is - but a mass of c o n d i t i o n s for something else. They saw conditions for its own abolition, and produced (with their "intention of being practical") reams of nonsense about workers' consciousness, currency crisis and the distended welfare state which were all evidence that late cpaita- lism was in in its final throes. They had to keep checking capi- talism's ability to "solve" its "problems" to see whether it was already reaching its expiration date. The problems it causes the working class and the allergy-ridden victims of the environment were not that important any more. Now, the national debt, peace, forests, the education system, "employment" and energy were fashioned into scholarly warnings of impending c a t a s t r o p h e s. A c o n c e r n f o r c o n s e r v a t i o n was the order of the day for the in- tellectual elite, who considered their methodologically "correct" nonsense to be the up-to-date criticism of capitalism. Leftists have always been so critical that they want to be in harmony with real or imagined t e n d e n c i e s. Today they can harvest the fruits of their conditional brand of socialism. When Gorbachev and Honecker are proof that communism is dead, and the demand for convertibility of East bloc funny money to get some goods back on the shelves shows how i m p o s s i b l e i t i s t o p l a n a n e c o n o m y, then opportunism is no longer just an attitude. It has attained the status of an "empirically" confirmed theory. When thinkers keen on being al- ternative return to the original formula of conditional socialism and make it out to be the quintessential Marxism; when they pose as yesterday's Marxist believers who have wised up and declare that Marx' alleged prophesy of the fall of capitalism has been refuted - then they've hit bottom. Brezhnev & Co almost start looking good by comparison! We can state with certainty that what "leftists" give as evidence for the death of communism doesn't come from a misunderstanding of Marx' explanation of the "tendency of the falling rate of pro- fit". Even if the relevant passages of vol. 3 of "Capital" were untrue, a l a w o f the capitalistic mode of production can never imply a l a w o f i t s c o l l a p s e, since this is a matter of people's free will. Such leftists have the appalling notion that communism might possibly be justified, but only under certain circumstances. Only if, as they say, capitalism were to pass its expiration date; only if it had a built-in stopping me- chanism; only if there were such a thing as a reliable historical necessity for the transition to communism - then you could sit back and watch the beast succumb to its disease! According to this notion, which, like all nonsense, can cite a rich tradition, communists are not the kind of folks who go around inciting class struggle against capital and the violent power that protects it. Rather, they are experts on history who, instead of swimming "against the stream", advocate the course of things that is in- evitable anyhow. Well, that's n o t what communists do. Communists consider it counterrevolutionary when such rubbish is uised as the official state ideology in the East bloc ("We are only executing the ne- cessary course of history." "After capitalism, which 'passes away,' 'comes' socialism."). They therefore notice that the "Wcommunism is dead" campaign is actually a reply to the stupid position of being in favor of communism as long as it's supposed to be coming about all by itself. But the campaign is unfortuna- tely even more than that. After all, it refutes this one brand of opportunism by advocating another, "realistic" brand! For unlike communism, capitalism does not fail - it flourishes like crazy. It's pretty damn stable, proves itself day for day, and even arouses admiration in its former enemies. I t w o r k s! And since s u c c e s s f u l f u n c t i o n i n g is the only thing that counts for all decent people, including sociologists, the U.S. President, the head of the Russian Commu- nist Party and all East Germans bound for the West, this is the universal refutation of any doubts that (indecent) people may have about capitalism and its stupendousness. Because it works, it doesn't have to be abolished - it should be followed! The necessity of communism -------------------------- does not spring from the misfunctioning of capitalism, but from what's going on while and so long as capitalism functions. It's the necessities of this system that communis ts want to get rid of, not its "drawbacks" or its "oversights". To the popular que- stion of how they would solve the notorious "problems'" that, strangely enough, always plague the rulers and the ruled alike, they reply, "We wouldn't". It is a matter of not creating these "problems"'in the first place. Then no one would have to agonize about the tremendous difficulty or even impossibility of "overcoming" them. Communists therefore also reject that sweet justification of their historical mission which goes like this. So many beautiful things appear in capitalism that don't work out properly in it and can only be perfected under socialism. We're talking about such favorite items as freedom and equality, humanism, real free love, emancipation of the workers, of women, of homosexuals, etc. Communists consider such philosophical insights into history to be nothing but a stupid idealistic version of the disarming que- stion, "And how would y o u solve the problems of the welfare budget, divorce settlements, environmental pollution, the size of the army and economic growth?" Really! As if communism were just the continuation of capitalism by other means! The necessity of communism has a slightly different origin. It arises from an inspection of those same disagreeable circumstan- ces which everyone else is always lamenting about. However, com- munists refuse to regard every case of a damaged interest - be it in matters of money, health or peace - as a "problem" to be sol- ved (if it is at all solvable) by precisely those people who are responsible for the "problem" existing in the first place. We are referring to those dear fellow citizens who dispose over money and political power. When the many aggravations, lousy practices and sacrifices of bourgeois life turn out to be necessities of the "system", then the "system" has to go. In this conclusion lies the whole necessity ofcommunism. 1. The "communism is dead" campaign dominating public opinion everywhere is "only" a matter of national consciousness. But when entire nations unanimously decide that capitalism is fine simply because it works, it's no joke. If t h i s is what's supposed to be so great about capitalism, then it is no longer fitting or even permissible to consider h o w it works, w h a t it ac- complishes, what it's successful a t. This crass praise of ca- pitalism is a textbook case of a t o t a l i t a r i a n i d e o l o g y. No true or false arguments are put forward about capitalism, its benefits and drawbacks, about interests that it serves and interests that come up short. The finding that "our" system is all right is expressly meant to be accepted as a fact without any mention of its u s e f u l n e s s for anyone. After all, the usefulness of the thing is that the fine is that it downright e x i s t s, so that the fine democratic right of criticism has now gone out of style once and for all. No one bo- thers to refute it, for criticism simply has no place in a "successful" system. 2. But there is o n e Success of the system that you're allowed to mention these days: its w e a l t h, that some people iden- tify with the bananas East bloc citizens can now buy. However, there is no good reason to give the system credit for the sheer existence - or even masses - of wealth in it. After all, the as- sets accumulating on company balance-sheets, in banks and state budgets are not intended to satisfy people's n e e d s, but to enlist more services from them, services of the kind that brought about the assets in the first place. When capitalist wealth is based on u s e f u l p o v e r t y, it should not be praised, but combatted. 3. This u s e f u l p o v e r t y exists in the form of w a g e l a b o r. It is dependent in every way on the needs and cycles of business. The employers are the ones who calculate when and how much people work and whether they work at all, how much they earn and whether they earn anything at all. In exchange, people are marvelously free to budget their wages, their leisure time and their health. Consolation can be found in the wealth that other people are accumulating, in the knowledge that there are others who are even worse off, and in the words of those in charge, that it is a "real necessity" to serve their in- terests. 4. Capitalism has set up a special "welfare" department to be of- ficially responsible for administering the useful and useless po- verty that is evidently recognized to be a permanent feature of the "best system". The money used for this purpose comes from people's wages, is collected by compulsion, and handed out spa- ringly. The wealth that exists in abundance is intended for a different purpose, namely to be increased. 5. When people are forced to sell their labor power to others in order to get hold of money, this does not mean they can benefit from the wealth they produce. Their share of it is liimited to what they need to remain useful for the services demanded of them. Nonetheless, there a r e other benefits. The kind of suc- cess that counts in the only true system requires supervision by the state. With its monopoly on force the state regulates the functioning ofthe system on a strictly legal basis, so that ever- yone in his walk of life does what he's allowed to and refrains from doing what he's not allowed to. In elections, c i t i z e n s get to check off the names ofthe people and po- litical parties who are to enforce the "necessities" of growth and welfare, money and poverty, by passing up-to-date laws. This is a really great benefit - the state's actions cannot be chal- lenged because they came about in the democratic way. The fact that those in charge were empowered by the people justifies all their "unpopular" decisions. People are actually free to exchange views on them. Another benefit. 6. The finances and power of the state depend on capital's suc- cess. So do working people. Capital's success depends on how much it attains by buying and selling and by investing in other coun- tries as well. So every wage worker depends on his nation car- rying international weight. He provides money and himself as a soldier to make and keep his nation's currency and troops power- ful. The competition between nations with its ups and downs is therefore his business as well. 7. Especially when it comes to the East bloc. There, a few madmen made an attempt to improve the capitalistic system and have money produced for the state in a different, much more philanthropic way. This hindered Western nations and their capital in its acti- vities abroad. To save capitalism from having to put up with this unaccustomed annoyance forever, its citizens take part in under- mining this other system and stand by for the life-threatening phase, the final burial of dead communism. They are informed by their governments about the procurement of the necessary arms and funds. 8. People are not only allowed, but supposed to form an opinion about all these necessities. Science and religion are cultivated and distributed among the people in the proper doses for both the elite and the masses. A highly respected opinion about the un- pleasant side of the functioning system is that there are cer- tainly a lot of "problems" but they are in the best hands. The pleasant side is that everything is necessary and has a purpose. People can take to heart capital's need for growth and the na- tion's need for power, including its definition of who's an en- emy. After all, it's no secret whose success everyone depends upon. "At least our children will have a better life." 9. This is the prevailing attitude even if a lot of people are currently all excited about the "environmental problem" and are developing an "ecological awareness". The necessities of capita- listic business have devoured a fair bit of nature, making it less and less suitable as a means of subsistence, so that people start feeling sorry for trees and rare animal species instead of comprehending the fundamental laws of the functioning system. 10. This is the system that is so alive and has outdone dead com- munism. The good fortune of being allowed to take part in it is a value in itself. It is known as f r e e d o m, will tolerate no criticism and demands a great deal of support. The administrators and advocates of the system say that all these disagreeable things are necessities. But communists know they are "only" the necessities of capital and its state power. And if working people withhold their services to deprive the whole system of its foun- dation, that will be the end of it. Then people can start plan- ning and need no longer obey "necessities" that other people set up. zurück